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The Four Aces Club was a pioneering music and recreational space in Dalston, London, that in the 1960s and '70s was one of the first venues to play black music in Britain,〔 being credited with a significant "role in the evolution of reggae into dance music, from ska, to rocksteady, to dub, to lovers, to dancehall and the evolution of jungle."〔 A host of notable Afro-Caribbean musicians appeared at the Four Aces – often referred to as "the jewel in Dalston's crown"〔〔(''Legacy in the Dust: The Four Aces Story'' ) Screening @ Rockwell House.〕 – as well as soul and R&B artists, its clientele over the years including stars such as Bob Marley, Stevie Wonder and Jimmy Cliff.〔Emma Bartholomew, ("Film about The Four Aces Club shows in Stoke Newington on Wednesday" ), ''Hackney Gazette'', 16 October 2010.〕 With the Thatcher era came more divisionist politics; racial tensions built in the area and the club was a target for police raids.〔(The Russet ), 24 May 2013: "The Four Aces was situated on Dalston Lane (underneath what is now the CLR James Library and the 'stunning' Barratt Homes horrorplex)...."〕 In the early 1990s, its character changed as it became home to the early indoor "rave scene", featuring drum & bass and acid house, and appealing to a new, predominantly white audience, under the name Labrynth, where The Prodigy made their first live public appearance.〔Emma Warren, ("From the Dug Out and dreads to DMZ and dubstep: 10 classic club nights" (music blog) ), ''The Guardian'', 9 December 2011.〕〔("The Four Aces Club" ), Dalston Past.〕 〔(Prodigy biography ), Contactmusic.com.〕 It was closed in 1997, and eventually Hackney Council exercised the right to a compulsory re-possession of the premises.〔 Despite an active campaign〔("2007 - demolishing Dalston town centre" ), at OPEN Dalston.〕 to save the building it was demolished in 2007〔("The Four Aces Club" ), Ransom Note, 2014.〕〔〔(History of Dalston ), Dalston Square Residents' Association.〕 to make way for three residential tower blocks, in the new Dalston Square development, with the new Dalston Junction overground railway station aligning with urban regeneration plans for East London in the build-up to the 2012 Olympics.〔Remi Makinde, ("A Four Aces Revival In Dalston – NYE Party & More" ), Hackney Hive, 19 December 2010.〕〔("Dalston area overview" ), Living in Dalston.〕 Subsequent campaigns took place putting pressure on the council "to prevent the eradication of monuments which hold the memory of Black history and the story of multi-racial political solidarity in the borough", in particular the successful petition to retain the name of C. L. R. James on the relocated Dalston library known since 1985 as "The CLR James Library",〔Benedict Seymour, ("Is Black History in Hackney?" ), ''Mute'', 7 October 2010.〕〔("Saving the Legacy of C.L.R. James in Dalston" ), Zombi Diaspora, 9 December 2012.〕 which resulted in the new library on the redeveloped site being opened as the "Dalston C.L.R. James Library" in 2012.〔Ændrew Rininsland, ("New Dalston CLR James library opens" ), ''Hackney Citizen'', 1 March 2012.〕〔(''C.L.R. James in Hackney'' ), Gaverne Bennett & Christian Høgsbjerg (eds), Redwords, 2015, ISBN 9781909026902.〕 ==History== The Four Aces was begun in 1966 by Newton Dunbar (now known as DJ Newton Ace),〔("DJ Newton Ace + Friends". )〕 a migrant to London from Jamaica a decade earlier,〔Maya Oppenheim, ("The Four Aces Club Was The Jewel in Dalston's Crown" ), Thump, 28 July 2014.〕 who set up the club – named after a then popular cigarette brand - to provide a live music venue catering for people from the West Indies.〔Sophie Lewis, ("Glory daze: Remembering Club Labrynth and the Four Aces" ), ''Dalstonist'', 1 June 2014.〕〔 It at first operated from a run-down basement in Highbury Grove, but as growing crowds were attracted, a larger space was soon required, and The Four Aces relocated to a disused 19th-century theatre (originally built to house Robert Fossett’s Circus in 1886)〔Tim Burrows, ("Four Aces, Phebes and London's Forgotten Reggae Venues" ), ''The Quietus'', 8 July 2009.〕 at 12 Dalston Lane. According to one description, "This multistoreyed, multi-roomed, Victorian-built hulk was labyrinthine -- a reggae centre as if concocted in the mind of Jorge Luis Borges."〔Tim Burrows, ("Reggae revisited: A tribute to the forgotten venues that helped shape black British culture" ), ''New Statesman'', 9 February 2011.〕 It was the first club to open in Hackney, and "quickly became a meeting point for newly arrived Afro-Caribbean immigrants experiencing cultural exile".〔 By the 1970s, West Indians not only from other parts of London but from all around the UK were flocking to the club.〔 As described by ''The Dalstonist'': "The Four Aces was born when black music had not yet been accepted into the mainstream. It provided a home for black artists at a time when there were no black radio stations and few black stars in the UK. Dunbar showcased up-and-coming reggae artists and later hosted legendary sound clashes and sound systems."〔 Both local musicians and top international artists played and sang there: Desmond Dekker, Jimmy Cliff, Roy Shirley, Alton Ellis, Prince Buster, Jah Shaka, the Upsetters, Ann Peebles, Percy Sledge, Ben E. King, Jimmy Ruffin, the Detroit Emeralds, the Ronettes, Toots and the Maytals, The Ethiopians, Billy Ocean, The Pioneers, Skatalites, Dennis Brown, Big Youth, Madness, Kenny Ken, and many others.〔〔〔Newton Dunbar, ("Dalston Time Travel Back to The Four Aces" ), What We Wore: A People's Style History.〕〔(Transcript of interview with Newton Dunbar ), 21 July 2010. Hackney Museum.〕〔("Legacy In The Dust Taster Trailer" ), YouTube.〕 Among the influential sound systems were Dennis Bovell, Count Shelly, Fat Man and Sir Coxsone,〔 with DJs vying to play at the Four Aces.〔 In its heyday it was visited by the likes of Chrissie Hynde, Mick Jagger and Jerry Hall, Debbie Harry, The Clash, Sex Pistols, The Specials, Joe Strummer, Marc Bolan, and Bob Dylan, when in town.〔〔Derry Nairn, ("Legacy in the Dust: the Story of the Four Aces" ), ''History Today'', 24 November 2010.〕〔〔("‘Legacy In The Dust : The Four Aces & Labyrinth Story’" ) at Hundred Years Gallery, 26 April 2014.〕 Despite the building representing "one of the first explicitly cross-cultural social centres in East London", it was demolished in 2007,〔 and a campaign to return the space to community use was unsuccessful.〔("Former 4 Aces Club in battle against Dalston Babylon" ), Blood and Fire, 24 February 2006.〕 The cutting down of trees planted in the Club's garden in memory of the young people who perished in the New Cross fire - widely believed to have been a racist arson attack - preceded the building's demolition.〔("Legacy in the dust - the film about Dalston's Four Aces Club" ), Open Dalston, 5 September 2008.〕〔("The history of the now demolished Dalston Clubs: The Four Aces Club and Labyrith, 12 Dalston Lane" ), Dalston, E8, 1 February 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Four Aces Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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